“Haenyeo”(해녀). This
is the word to refer those female divers who works especially under
the sea in Korea. They gather seaweed, abalone, octopus, clams, sea urchin
and other sea products. This word has meaning something special melting in
their life beyond description itself as just a kind of job. In recent
time, we are able to see them in Jeju Island (제주도) only,
far away one hour by airplane from the capital Seoul in Korea.
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| The teenage diving girl is catching abalone. |
I didn’t expect big volume of museum for
unique female diver. This museum is located neighboring the small cozy
village by the sea. When I grew up, I saw them across the nation wide. But the
number of them had decreased little by little because it is very hard job to work
under the sea. For this reason, now we are just only able to see them in this
island within Korea. The main reason why it remains in this island only is
because of the special condition of island and poor environment for life. I
surely wanted to visit this small space.
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| The stone statue of Haenyeo(female diver) |
When I entered this museum,
symbolic artifact featuring of female divers greeted me. After ticketing, staff
guided me to see the video about female divers story on the right side of the
information desk. Although it was just only 10 minutes documentary image, it was
enough for me to get much more strong impression about them than I expected.
There were female divers through the
whole country of Korea till the 1960s. They couldn’t be found out in main land
recent time anymore. Jeju Island(제주도) was the most
activated area in this country since long time ago. They had to lay specialty
to the King and central government during all the former dynasty because this
island has been rich in the marine products and it had boasted the best in quality
when comparing with other sea fields. In the beginning, men undertook the duty.
As time went by, many numbers of men ran away into to the land because they couldn’t
tolerate the hard condition in nature and intensity of hard work. From long
time ago, this reason resulted in the number of female is more
than the number of men, in unique population composition rate
in this island. As the results,
ladies had managed to take over the economic duty for family as well as
preparing of principal products instead of their husband. The social position
of them as a significant role to manage in all parts of their society is quite
different with other area in this country.
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| The typical half-sea half-farm village of old Jeju Island |
Furthermore, land was so infertile (this
island was composed by the several volcanic activities) that they could
not cultivate diverse agricultural products and always suffered from food
shortage. All that people could do was just to cultivate small amount of grain
and agricultural products and to gather the food resources from the sea. Their
greatness is just not only in the tenacious hold on life and strong pioneer
spirit but also in their wonderful working skills under the sea. They usually
started to learn how to swim at the age of seven or eight, skilled up their
diving abilities as they grow and became a full-scale woman diver member at the
age seventeen to eighteen. They can dive in general fifteen to twenty feet (6
meters) in depth without oxygen tank, sometimes to seventy feet (21 meters) and
for over one minute even to three minutes.
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| The working female diver without any equipment under the sea and she is wearing old type swim suit just for made by cotton cloth |
When they work, they do without using
any underwater diving equipment like oxygen tank in unique. It couldn’t be done
without invincible spirit of great courage, long experiences and accumulated
technology about sea. It was the job beyond job for
their life.
The sound (Sumbisori) like
whistling to get their breath back when they come out surface of the sea shows
that how amazing their unique and excellent diving technique as well as
astonishing scientific discovery as the result of gaining through their body
are. It is close to the sounds made by whale and able to provide fresh air into
their body in short seconds with this way. With the changing years, there has
been changed in their tools and clothes but they do still the same skill of old
way when they gather the sea products.
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| The old house where they lived and the hanging round ball-like tube with fishnet (old type) on the stone wall |
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| The Bulteok area--This is the zone Haenyeo are resting at a fireplace after finishing their work, dried their clothes, shared some food and chattered about the daily life and diving skills |
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| The tools for dive |
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| The Teu boat--primitive style of boat used for catching fish, collecting seaweed and transporting haenyeo when they worked in the far distance from the land |
The seafood taken by them became to be sold expensive
because it is regarded as valued nature products. As they earned the money much
more than before, they send their daughters to the land to educate well and get
more comfort life. So, ironically, it became one of the key reasons of fall-of
the number of them sharply. Who can dare blame their opinion? For the reasons
of hard working condition, sharp decrease of sea products and it is true that
these female divers might be disappeared in couples of decades and be left just
as the name of old traditional unique culture in this island. The view
overlooking the blue sea from the observation rest area on third floor was
enough for me to feel deep impression with wild wind and waves they meet every day.
How clean and brilliant sky it was!
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| The small village neighboring to this museum |
Those ladies who was born as
the daughter of sea, learnt the swimming and diving before knowing what the sea
shall imply to their coming life, faced harsh reality and managed to duties of
life in assertive attitude. Sincerely, this museum must be small but deep
meaningful place dedicate to their great trace of life. Yet the labor song what
embrace their plight life seems like to remain in my ears.
*Update>> They are listed on Intangible Cultural heritage of
Humanity by UNESCO on NOV2016.
Operation;
9 AM to 5 PM except on first and third Monday every month and some special
holiday. For more details please refer to their official web site.
